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 Mathematics , 2010, Abstract: We prove the following results concerning the list decoding of error-correcting codes: (i) We show that for \textit{any} code with a relative distance of $\delta$ (over a large enough alphabet), the following result holds for \textit{random errors}: With high probability, for a $\rho\le \delta -\eps$ fraction of random errors (for any $\eps>0$), the received word will have only the transmitted codeword in a Hamming ball of radius $\rho$ around it. Thus, for random errors, one can correct twice the number of errors uniquely correctable from worst-case errors for any code. A variant of our result also gives a simple algorithm to decode Reed-Solomon codes from random errors that, to the best of our knowledge, runs faster than known algorithms for certain ranges of parameters. (ii) We show that concatenated codes can achieve the list decoding capacity for erasures. A similar result for worst-case errors was proven by Guruswami and Rudra (SODA 08), although their result does not directly imply our result. Our results show that a subset of the random ensemble of codes considered by Guruswami and Rudra also achieve the list decoding capacity for erasures. Our proofs employ simple counting and probabilistic arguments.
 Mathematics , 2014, Abstract: We consider the problem of erasure/list decoding using certain classes of simplified decoders. Specifically, we assume a class of erasure/list decoders, such that a codeword is in the list if its likelihood is larger than a threshold. This class of decoders both approximates the optimal decoder of Forney, and also includes the following simplified subclasses of decoding rules: The first is a function of the output vector only, but not the codebook (which is most suitable for high rates), and the second is a scaled version of the maximum likelihood decoder (which is most suitable for low rates). We provide single-letter expressions for the exact random coding exponents of any decoder in these classes, operating over a discrete memoryless channel. For each class of decoders, we find the optimal decoder within the class, in the sense that it maximizes the erasure/list exponent, under a given constraint on the error exponent. We establish the optimality of the simplified decoders of the first and second kind for low and high rates, respectively.
 Mathematics , 2008, Abstract: A generalization of the Reiger bound is presented for the list decoding of burst errors. It is then shown that Reed-Solomon codes attain this bound.
 Mathematics , 2010, Abstract: Practical random network coding based schemes for multicast include a header in each packet that records the transformation between the sources and the terminal. The header introduces an overhead that can be significant in certain scenarios. In previous work, parity check matrices of error control codes along with error decoding were used to reduce this overhead. In this work we propose novel packet formats that allow us to use erasure decoding and list decoding. Both schemes have a smaller overhead compared to the error decoding based scheme, when the number of sources combined in a packet is not too small.
 Mathematics , 2012, Abstract: Assuming that we have a soft-decision list decoding algorithm of a linear code, a new hard-decision list decoding algorithm of its repeated code is proposed in this article. Although repeated codes are not used for encoding data, due to their parameters, we show that they have a good performance with this algorithm. We compare, by computer simulations, our algorithm for the repeated code of a Reed-Solomon code against a decoding algorithm of a Reed-Solomon code. Finally, we estimate the decoding capability of the algorithm for Reed-Solomon codes and show that performance is somewhat better than our estimates.
 Mathematics , 2009, Abstract: We consider a decoder with an erasure option and a variable size list decoder for channels with non-casual side information at the transmitter. First, universally achievable error exponents are offered for decoding with an erasure option using a parameterized decoder in the spirit of Csisz\'{a}r and K\"{o}rner's decoder. Then, the proposed decoding rule is generalized by extending the range of its parameters to allow variable size list decoding. This extension gives a unified treatment for erasure/list decoding. Exponential bounds on the probability of list error and the average number of incorrect messages on the list are given. Relations to Forney's and Csisz\'{a}r and K\"{o}rner's decoders for discrete memoryless channel are discussed. These results are obtained by exploring a random binning code with conditionally constant composition codewords proposed by Moulin and Wang, but with a different decoding rule.
 Mathematics , 2010, Abstract: We demonstrate a decoding scheme for nested lattice codes which is able to decode a list of a particular size which contains the transmitted codeword with high probability. This list decoder is analogous to that used in random coding arguments in achievability schemes of relay channels, and allows for the effective combination of information from the relay and source node. Using this list decoding result, we demonstrate 1) that lattice codes may achieve the capacity of the physically degraded AWGN relay channel, 2) an achievable rate region for the two-way relay channel with direct links using lattice codes, and 3) that we may improve the constant gap to capacity for specific cases of the two-way relay channel with direct links.
 Mathematics , 2012, Abstract: We describe a successive-cancellation \emph{list} decoder for polar codes, which is a generalization of the classic successive-cancellation decoder of Ar{\i}kan. In the proposed list decoder, up to $L$ decoding paths are considered concurrently at each decoding stage. Then, a single codeword is selected from the list as output. If the most likely codeword is selected, simulation results show that the resulting performance is very close to that of a maximum-likelihood decoder, even for moderate values of $L$. Alternatively, if a "genie" is allowed to pick the codeword from the list, the results are comparable to the current state of the art LDPC codes. Luckily, implementing such a helpful genie is easy. Our list decoder doubles the number of decoding paths at each decoding step, and then uses a pruning procedure to discard all but the $L$ "best" paths. %In order to implement this algorithm, we introduce a natural pruning criterion that can be easily evaluated. Nevertheless, a straightforward implementation still requires $\Omega(L \cdot n^2)$ time, which is in stark contrast with the $O(n \log n)$ complexity of the original successive-cancellation decoder. We utilize the structure of polar codes to overcome this problem. Specifically, we devise an efficient, numerically stable, implementation taking only $O(L \cdot n \log n)$ time and $O(L \cdot n)$ space.
 Antonia Wachter-Zeh Mathematics , 2012, Abstract: An open question about Gabidulin codes is whether polynomial-time list decoding beyond half the minimum distance is possible or not. In this contribution, we give a lower and an upper bound on the list size, i.e., the number of codewords in a ball around the received word. The lower bound shows that if the radius of this ball is greater than the Johnson radius, this list size can be exponential and hence, no polynomial-time list decoding is possible. The upper bound on the list size uses subspace properties.
 Neri Merhav Computer Science , 2013, Abstract: Some new results are derived concerning random coding error exponents and expurgated exponents for list decoding with a deterministic list size $L$. Two asymptotic regimes are considered, the fixed list-size regime, where $L$ is fixed independently of the block length $n$, and the exponential list-size, where $L$ grows exponentially with $n$. We first derive a general upper bound on the list-decoding average error probability, which is suitable for both regimes. This bound leads to more specific bounds in the two regimes. In the fixed list-size regime, the bound is related to known bounds and we establish its exponential tightness. In the exponential list-size regime, we establish the achievability of the well known sphere packing lower bound. Relations to guessing exponents are also provided. An immediate byproduct of our analysis in both regimes is the universality of the maximum mutual information (MMI) list decoder in the error exponent sense. Finally, we consider expurgated bounds at low rates, both using Gallager's approach and the Csisz\'ar-K\"orner-Marton approach, which is, in general better (at least for $L=1$). The latter expurgated bound, which involves the notion of {\it multi-information}, is also modified to apply to continuous alphabet channels, and in particular, to the Gaussian memoryless channel, where the expression of the expurgated bound becomes quite explicit.
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