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 Physics , 2004, Abstract: The EPDiff equation governs geodesic flow on the diffeomorphisms with respect to a chosen metric, which is typically a Sobolev norm on the tangent space of vector fields. EPDiff admits a remarkable ansatz for its singular solutions, called diffeons,'' whose momenta are supported on embedded subspaces of the ambient space. Diffeons are true solitons for some choices of the norm. The diffeon solution ansatz is a momentum map. Consequently. the diffeons evolve according to canonical Hamiltonian equations. We examine diffeon solutions on Einstein spaces that are "mostly" symmetric, i.e., whose quotient by a subgroup of the isometry group is 1-dimensional. An example is the two-sphere, whose isometry group $\SO{3}$ contains $S^1$. In this situation, the singular diffeons (called Puckons'') are supported on latitudes (girdles'') of the sphere. For this $S^1$ symmetry of the two-sphere, the canonical Hamiltonian dynamics for Puckons reduces from integral partial differential equations to a dynamical system of ordinary differential equations for their colatitudes. Explicit examples are computed numerically for the motion and interaction of the Puckons on the sphere with respect to the $H^1$ norm. We analyse this case and several other 2-dimensional examples. From consideration of these 2-dimensional spaces, we outline the theory for reduction of diffeons on a general manifold possessing a metric equivalent to the warped product of the line with the bi-invariant metric of a Lie group.
 Physics , 2003, DOI: 10.1016/j.aop.2004.04.007 Abstract: In this article, we present a set of hierarchy Bloch equations for the reduced density operators in either canonical or grand canonical ensembles in the occupation number representation. They provide a convenient tool for studying the equilibrium quantum statistical mechanics for some model systems. As an example of their applications, we solve the equations for the model system with a pairing Hamiltonian. With the aid of its symplectic group symmetry, we obtain the statistical reduced density matrices with different orders. As a special instance for the solutions, we also get the reduced density matrices of the ground state for a superconductor.
 Physics , 2010, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.83.085015 Abstract: The DBI galileons are a generalization of the galileon terms, which extend the internal galilean symmetry to an internal relativistic symmetry, and can also be thought of as generalizations of DBI which yield second order field equations. We show that, when considered as local modifications to gravity, such as in the Solar system, there exists a region of parameter space in which spherically symmetric static solutions exist and are stable. However, these solutions always exhibit superluminality, casting doubt on the existence of a standard Lorentz invariant UV completion.
 Mathematics , 2010, Abstract: We revisit the notion of reduced spectra $sp_{\Cal {F}} (\phi)$ for bounded measurable functions $\phi \in L^{\infty} (J,\Bbb{X})$, ${\Cal {F}}\subset L^1_{loc}(J,\Bbb{X})$. We show that it can not be obtained via Carleman spectra unless $\phi\in BUC(J,\Bbb{X})$ and ${\Cal {F}} \subset BUC(J,\Bbb{X})$. In section 3, we give two examples which seem to be of independent interest for spectral theory. In section 4, we prove a spectral criteria for bounded mild solutions of evolution equation (*) $\frac{d u(t)}{dt}= A u(t) + \phi (t)$, $u(0)=x\in \Bbb{X}$, $t\in {J}$, where $A$ is a closed linear operator on $\Bbb{X}$ and $\phi\in L^{\infty} ({J}, \Bbb{X})$ where ${J} \in\{\r_+,\r\}$.
 Physics , 2012, Abstract: Elementary features of galileon models are discussed at an introductory level. Following a simple example, a general formalism leading to a hierarchy of field equations and Lagrangians is developed for flat spacetimes. Legendre duality is discussed. Implicit and explicit solutions are then constructed and analyzed in some detail. Galileon shock fronts are conjectured to exist. Finally, some interesting general relativistic effects are studied for galileons coupled minimally to gravity. Spherically symmetric galileon and metric solutions with naked curvature singularities are obtained and are shown to be separated from solutions which exhibit event horizons by a critical curve in the space of boundary data.
 Martin Reiris Physics , 2008, DOI: 10.1007/s10714-008-0693-6 Abstract: Say S is a compact three-manifold with non-positive Yamabe invariant. We prove that in any long time constant mean curvature Einstein flow over S, having bounded C^{\alpha} space-time curvature at the cosmological scale, the reduced volume (-k/3)^{3}Vol(g(k)) (g(k) is the evolving spatial three-metric and k the mean curvature) decays monotonically towards the volume value of the geometrization in which the cosmologically normalized flow decays. In more basic terms, under the given assumptions, there is volume collapse in the regions where the injectivity radius collapses (i.e. tends to zero) in the long time. We conjecture that under the curvature assumption above the Thurston geometrization is the unique global attractor. We validate it in some special cases.
 Physics , 2011, DOI: 10.1007/JHEP11(2011)065 Abstract: We consider the classical equations of motion for a single Galileon field with generic parameters in the presence of non-relativistic sources. We introduce the concept of absolute stability of a theory: if one can show that a field at a single point---like infinity for instance---in spacetime is stable, then stability of the field over the rest of spacetime is guaranteed for any positive energy source configuration. The Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati (DGP) model is stable in this manner, and previous studies of spherically symmetric solutions suggest that certain classes of the single field Galileon (of which the DGP model is a subclass) may have this property as well. We find, however, that when general solutions are considered this is not the case. In fact, when considering generic solutions there are no choices of free parameters in the Galileon theory that will lead to absolute stability except the DGP choice. Our analysis indicates that the DGP model is an exceptional choice among the large class of possible single field Galileon theories. This implies that if general solutions (non-spherically symmetric) exist they may be unstable. Given astrophysical motivation for the Galileon, further investigation into these unstable solutions may prove fruitful.
 Shuang-Yong Zhou Physics , 2012, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.85.104005 Abstract: Light-like galileon solutions have been used to investigate the chronology problem in galileon-like theories, and in some cases may also be considered as solitons, evading a non-existence constraint from a zero-mode argument. Their stabilities have been analyzed via "local" approximation, which appears to suggest that all these light-like solutions are stable. We re-analyze the stability problem by solving the linear perturbation equation \emph{exactly}, and point out that the finite energy condition is essential for the light-like solitons to be stable. We also clarify potential ghost instabilities and why the zero-mode argument can not be naively generalized to include the light-like solitons.
 Oderinu Razaq A. Theory and Applications of Mathematics & Computer Science , 2012, Abstract: Reduced differential transform method (RDTM) is employed to obtain the solution of simple homogeneous advection, Burgers and coupled Burgers equations exactly. The RDTM produces a solution with few and easy computation. The method is simple, accurate and efficient.
 Revista Colombiana de Matemáticas , 2008, Abstract: in this paper the existence of global bounded weak solutions is obtained for the cauchy problem of a symmetrically hyperbolic system with a source by using the theory of compensated compactness. this system arises in such areas as elasticity theory, magnetohydrodynamics, and enhanced oil recovery.
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