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 G. T. Ter-Kazarian Physics , 1998, Abstract: The suggested operator manifold formalism enables to develop an approach to the unification of the geometry and the field theory. We also elaborate the formalism of operator multimanifold yielding the multiworld geometry involving the spacetime continuum and internal worlds, where the subquarks are defined implying the Confinement and Gauge principles. This formalism in Part II (hep-th/9812182) is used to develop further the microscopic approach to some key problems of particle physics.
 Mathematics , 2014, DOI: 10.1007/JHEP12(2014)098 Abstract: Motivated by the construction of spectral manifolds in noncommutative geometry, we introduce a higher degree Heisenberg commutation relation involving the Dirac operator and the Feynman slash of scalar fields. This commutation relation appears in two versions, one sided and two sided. It implies the quantization of the volume. In the one-sided case it implies that the manifold decomposes into a disconnected sum of spheres which will represent quanta of geometry. The two sided version in dimension 4 predicts the two algebras M_2(H) and M_4(C) which are the algebraic constituents of the Standard Model of particle physics. This taken together with the non-commutative algebra of functions allows one to reconstruct, using the spectral action, the Lagrangian of gravity coupled with the Standard Model. We show that any connected Riemannian Spin 4-manifold with quantized volume >4 (in suitable units) appears as an irreducible representation of the two-sided commutation relations in dimension 4 and that these representations give a seductive model of the "particle picture" for a theory of quantum gravity in which both the Einstein geometric standpoint and the Standard Model emerge from Quantum Mechanics. Physical applications of this quantization scheme will follow in a separate publication.
 J. Sladkowski Physics , 1994, Abstract: We investigate how exotic differential structures may reveal themselves in particle physics. The analysis is based on the A. Connes' construction of the standard model. It is shown that, if one of the copies of the spacetime manifold is equipped with an exotic differential structure, compact object of geometric origin may exist even if the spacetime is topologically trivial. Possible implications are discussed. An $SU(3)\otimes SU(2)\otimes U(1)$ gauge model is constructed. This model may not be realistic but it shows what kind of physical phenomena might be expected due to the existence of exotic differential structures on the spacetime manifold.
 Physics , 1992, DOI: 10.1016/0550-3213(93)90053-R Abstract: The formalism of non-commutative geometry of A. Connes is used to construct models in particle physics. The physical space-time is taken to be a product of a continuous four-manifold by a discrete set of points. The treatment of Connes is modified in such a way that the basic algebra is defined over the space of matrices, and the breaking mechanism is planted in the Dirac operator. This mechanism is then applied to three examples. In the first example the discrete space consists of two points, and the two algebras are taken respectively to be those of $2\times 2$ and $1\times 1$ matrices. With the Dirac operator containing the vacuum breaking $SU(2)\times U(1)$ to $U(1)$, the model is shown to correspond to the standard model. In the second example the discrete space has three points, two of the algebras are identical and consist of $5\times 5$ complex matrices, and the third algebra consists of functions. With an appropriate Dirac operator this model is almost identical to the minimal $SU(5)$ model of Georgi and Glashow. The third and final example is the left-right symmetric model $SU(2)_L\times SU(2)_R\times U(1)_{B-L}.$
 Mairi Sakellariadou Physics , 2010, DOI: 10.1142/S021827181101913X Abstract: I will summarize Noncommutative Geometry Spectral Action, an elegant geometrical model valid at unification scale, which offers a purely gravitational explanation of the Standard Model, the most successful phenomenological model of particle physics. Noncommutative geometry states that close to the Planck energy scale, space-time has a fine structure and proposes that it is given as the product of a four-dimensional continuum compact Riemaniann manifold by a tiny discrete finite noncommutative space. The spectral action principle, a universal action functional on spectral triples which depends only on the spectrum of the Dirac operator, applied to this almost commutative product geometry, leads to the full Standard Model, including neutrino mixing which has Majorana mass terms and a see-saw mechanism, minimally coupled to gravity. It also makes various predictions at unification scale. I will review some of the phenomenological and cosmological consequences of this beautiful and purely geometrical approach to unification.
 Jan Sladkowski Physics , 1993, Abstract: Recent development in noncommutative geometry generalization of gauge theory is reviewed. The mathematical apparatus is reduced to minimum in order to allow the non-mathematically oriented physicists to follow the development in the interesting field of research. (Lectures presented at the Silesian School of Theoretical Physics: Standard Model and Beyond'93, Szczyrk (Poland), September 1993.)
 Physics , 1993, Abstract: We review the construction of particle physics models in the framework of non-commutative geometry. We first give simple examples, and then progress to outline the Connes-Lott construction of the standard Weinberg-Salam model and our construction of the SO(10) model. We then discuss the analogue of the Einstein-Hilbert action and gravitational matter couplings. Finally we speculate on some experimental signatures of predictions specific to the non-commutative approach.
 Pierre Martinetti Physics , 2003, Abstract: Notes from a course given at Oujda university, Morocco, october 2002 - march 2003 within the support of a fellowship from the Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie. These notes present a brief introduction to Connes' non commutative geometry description of the standard model of particle physics. The notion of distance is emphasized, especially the possible interpretation of the Higgs field as the component of a discrete internal dimension. These notes are in french and are taken from the author's phD thesis.
 Physics , 2010, DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2010.08.018 Abstract: We investigate the effect of varying boundary conditions on the renormalization group flow in a recently developed noncommutative geometry model of particle physics and cosmology. We first show that there is a sensitive dependence on the initial conditions at unification, so that, varying a parameter even slightly can be shown to have drastic effects on the running of the model parameters. We compare the running in the case of the default and the maximal mixing conditions at unification. We then exhibit explicitly a particular choice of initial conditions at the unification scale, in the form of modified maximal mixing conditions, which have the property that they satisfy all the geometric constraints imposed by the noncommutative geometry of the model at unification, and at the same time, after running them down to lower energies with the renormalization group flow, they still agree in order of magnitude with the predictions at the electroweak scale.
 Physics , 2014, DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/16/12/123027 Abstract: Connes' notion of non-commutative geometry (NCG) generalizes Riemannian geometry and yields a striking reinterepretation of the standard model of particle physics, coupled to Einstein gravity. We suggest a simple reformulation with two key mathematical advantages: (i) it unifies many of the traditional NCG axioms into a single one; and (ii) it immediately generalizes from non-commutative to non-associative geometry. Remarkably, it also resolves a long-standing problem plaguing the NCG construction of the standard model, by precisely eliminating from the action the collection of 7 unwanted terms that previously had to be removed by an extra, non-geometric, assumption. With this problem solved, the NCG algorithm for constructing the standard model action is tighter and more explanatory than the traditional one based on effective field theory.
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