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 Physics , 2013, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.89.112007 Abstract: Borexino has been running since May 2007 at the LNGS with the primary goal of detecting solar neutrinos. The detector, a large, unsegmented liquid scintillator calorimeter characterized by unprecedented low levels of intrinsic radioactivity, is optimized for the study of the lower energy part of the spectrum. During the Phase-I (2007-2010) Borexino first detected and then precisely measured the flux of the 7Be solar neutrinos, ruled out any significant day-night asymmetry of their interaction rate, made the first direct observation of the pep neutrinos, and set the tightest upper limit on the flux of CNO neutrinos. In this paper we discuss the signal signature and provide a comprehensive description of the backgrounds, quantify their event rates, describe the methods for their identification, selection or subtraction, and describe data analysis. Key features are an extensive in situ calibration program using radioactive sources, the detailed modeling of the detector response, the ability to define an innermost fiducial volume with extremely low background via software cuts, and the excellent pulse-shape discrimination capability of the scintillator that allows particle identification. We report a measurement of the annual modulation of the 7 Be neutrino interaction rate. The period, the amplitude, and the phase of the observed modulation are consistent with the solar origin of these events, and the absence of their annual modulation is rejected with higher than 99% C.L. The physics implications of phase-I results in the context of the neutrino oscillation physics and solar models are presented.
 Physics , 2014, DOI: 10.1134/S1063779615020185 Abstract: Borexino is a unique detector able to perform measurement of solar neutrinos fluxes in the energy region around 1 MeV or below due to its low level of radioactive background. It was constructed at the LNGS underground laboratory with a goal of solar $^{7}$Be neutrino flux measurement with 5\% precision. The goal has been successfully achieved marking the end of the first stage of the experiment. A number of other important measurements of solar neutrino fluxes have been performed during the first stage. Recently the collaboration conducted successful liquid scintillator repurification campaign aiming to reduce main contaminants in the sub-MeV energy range. With the new levels of radiopurity Borexino can improve existing and challenge a number of new measurements including: improvement of the results on the Solar and terrestrial neutrino fluxes measurements; measurement of pp and CNO solar neutrino fluxes; search for non-standard interactions of neutrino; study of the neutrino oscillations on the short baseline with an artificial neutrino source (search for sterile neutrino) in context of SOX project.
 Physics , 2011, Abstract: The recent released results of 153.62 ton year exposure of solar neutrino data in Borexino are here discussed. Borexino is a multi-purpose detector with large volume liquid scintillator, located in the underground halls of the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy. The experiment is running since 2007. The first realtime 7Be solar neutrino measurement has been released in 2008. Thanks to the precise detector calibration in 2009, the 7Be flux measurement has been reached with an accuracy better than 5%. The result related to the day/night effect in the $^7$Be energy region is also discussed. These results validate the MSW-LMA model for solar neutrino oscillation.
 Physics , 2001, DOI: 10.1088/1126-6708/2001/11/048 Abstract: We estimate how well we will know the parameters of solar neutrino oscillations after KamLAND and Borexino. The expected error on Delta m^2 is few per-mille in the VO and QVO regions, few per-cent in the LMA region, and around 10% in the LOW region. The expected error on sin^2 2theta is around 5%. KamLAND and Borexino will tell unambiguously which specific new measurement, dedicated to pp solar neutrinos, is able to contribute to the determination of theta and perhaps of Delta m^2. The present data suggest as more likely outcomes: no measurement, or the total pp rate, or its day/night variation.
 Andrew John Lowe Physics , 2009, Abstract: A literature review of neutrino physics and the solar neutrino problem.
 Physics , 2001, DOI: 10.1016/S0920-5632(02)01510-4 Abstract: We present an updated analysis of all the data available about solar neutrinos, including the charged current SNO results. The best fit of the data is obtained in the Large Mixing Angle region, but different solutions are still possible. We also study the perspectives of Borexino and conclude that this experiment, with a parallel analysis of total rate and day-night asymmmetry, should be able to discriminate between the different possible solutions.
 Physics , 2008, Abstract: Borexino is a massive, calorimetric, liquid scintillator detector aimed at the detection of low energy sub-MeV solar neutrinos, installed at the Gran Sasso Laboratory. After several years of construction, data taking started in May 2007, providing immediately incontrovertible evidence of the unprecedented radiopurity of the target mass, at the level required to ensure the successful detection of 7Be solar neutrinos, which was then announced in the 2007 summer. In this talk first the main technical characteristics of the detector will be highlighted, with special emphasis on the exceptional purity challenges successfully faced by the Collaboration, and afterwards the physics outputs reached so far will be carefully reported and illustrated, together with the perspectives for the future measurements that will complete the broad program of the experiment.
 Physics , 2002, DOI: 10.1016/S0370-2693(02)01254-6 Abstract: Assuming that the observed deficit of solar neutrinos is due to the interaction of their transition magnetic moment with the solar magnetic field we derive the predictions for the forthcoming Borexino experiment. Three different model magnetic field profiles which give very good global fits of the currently available solar neutrino data are used. The expected signal at Borexino is significantly lower than those predicted by the LMA, LOW and VO neutrino oscillation solutions of the solar neutrino problem. It is similar to that of the SMA oscillation solution which, however, is strongly disfavoured by the Super-Kamiokande data on day and night spectra and zenith angle distribution of the events. Thus, the neutrino magnetic moment solution of the solar neutrino problem can be unambiguously distinguished from the currently favoured oscillation solutions at Borexino.
 S. Pakvasa Physics , 1998, Abstract: I concentrate on two topics. One is techniques to distinguish amongst various oscillation scenarios from atmospheric neutrino data; and the other is the Borexino solar neutrino detector and its capabilities.
 Attila Grandpierre Physics , 1998, Abstract: I derive here a model independent inequality which shows that the problem of the missing beryllium neutrinos of the Sun roots in the fact that the SuperKamiokande contains a term arising from a non-pp,CNO source. First principle physics shows that the non-pp,CNO source is of thermonuclear runaway origin. Several indications suggest that the non-pp,CNO term plays a more significant role in the solar neutrino problems than neutrino oscillations. When removing the over-restricted SSM luminosity constraint, the temperature dependence of the neutrino fluxes is related to pure nuclear physics and follows $\Phi_{pp} \propto T^4$ instead of $\Phi_{pp} \propto T^{-1/2}$. The results of the calculations offer solutions to the solar neutrino problems and problems of neutrino oscillations. The dynamic solar model presents predictions to Borexino and SNO measurements. These predictions can serve to distinguish between the MSW and the non-pp,CNO effect. {\it PACS numbers|: 26.65.+t, 26.30.+k, 96.60.JW, 95.30.Cq
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