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 Physics , 2000, DOI: 10.1088/1126-6708/2000/01/038 Abstract: We analyse D-branes on orbifolds with discrete torsion, extending earlier results. We analyze certain Abelian orbifolds of the type C^3/ \Gamma, where \Gamma is given by Z_m x Z_n, for the most general choice of discrete torsion parameter. By comparing with the AdS/CFT correspondence, we can consider different geometries which give rise to the same physics. This identifies new mirror pairs and suggests new dualities at large N. As a by-product we also get a more geometric picture of discrete torsion.
 Chien-Hao Liu Mathematics , 1998, Abstract: The study of fibrations of the target manifolds of string/M/F-theories has provided many insights to the dualities among these theories or even as a tool to build up dualities since the work of Strominger, Yau, and Zaslow on the Calabi-Yau case. For M-theory compactified on a Joyce manifold $M^7$, the fact that $M^7$ is constructed via a generalized Kummer construction on a 7-torus ${\smallBbb T}^7$ with a torsion-free $G_2$-structure $\phi$ suggests that there are natural fibrations of $M^7$ by ${\smallBbb T}^3$, ${\smallBbb T}^4$, and K3 surfaces in a way governed by $\phi$. The local picture of some of these fibrations and their roles in dualities between string/M-theory have been studied intensively in the work of Acharya. In this present work, we explain how one can understand their global and topological details in terms of bundles over orbifolds. After the essential background is provided in Sec. 1, we give general discussions in Sec. 2 about these fibrations, their generic and exceptional fibers, their monodromy, and the base orbifolds. Based on these, one obtains a 5-step-routine to understand the fibrations, which we illustrate by examples in Sec. 3. In Sec. 4, we turn to another kind of fibrations for Joyce manifolds, namely the fibrations by the Calabi-Yau threefolds constructed by Borcea and Voisin. All these fibrations arise freely and naturally from the work of Joyce. Understanding how the global structure of these fibrations may play roles in string/M-theory duality is one of the major issues for further pursuit.
 Mathematics , 2007, Abstract: Previously the two of the authors defined a notion of dual Calabi-Yau manifolds in a G_2 manifold, and described a process to obtain them. Here we apply this process to a compact G_2 manifold, constructed by Joyce, and as a result we obtain a pair of Borcea-Voisin Calabi-Yau manifolds, which are known to be mirror duals of each other.
 Mithat Unsal Physics , 2004, DOI: 10.1088/1126-6708/2005/12/033 Abstract: We construct a nonperturbative regularization for Euclidean noncommutative supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories with four (N= (2,2)), eight (N= (4,4)) and sixteen (N= (8,8)) supercharges in two dimensions. The construction relies on orbifolds with discrete torsion, which allows noncommuting space dimensions to be generated dynamically from zero dimensional matrix model in the deconstruction limit. We also nonperturbatively prove that the twisted topological sectors of ordinary supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory are equivalent to a noncommutative field theory on the topologically trivial sector with reduced rank and quantized noncommutativity parameter. The key point of the proof is to reinterpret 't Hooft's twisted boundary condition as an orbifold with discrete torsion by lifting the lattice theory to a zero dimensional matrix theory.
 B. S. Acharya Physics , 1996, Abstract: It is argued that $M$-theory compactified on {\it any} of Joyce's $Spin(7)$ holonomy 8-manifolds are dual to compactifications of heterotic string theory on Joyce 7-manifolds of $G_2$ holonomy.
 Mathematics , 2007, Abstract: We study the Dirichlet problem for fully nonlinear, degenerate elliptic equations of the form f(Hess, u)=0 on a smoothly bounded domain D in R^n. In our approach the equation is replaced by a subset F of the space of symmetric nxn-matrices, with bdy(F) contined in the set {f=0}. We establish the existence and uniqueness of continuous solutions under an explicit geometric F-convexity'' assumption on the boundary bdy(F). The topological structure of F-convex domains is also studied and a theorem of Andreotti-Frankel type is proved for them. Two key ingredients in the analysis are the use of subaffine functions and Dirichlet duality, both introduced here. Associated to F is a Dirichlet dual set F* which gives a dual Dirichlet problem. This pairing is a true duality in that the dual of F* is F and in the analysis the roles of F and F* are interchangeable. The duality also clarifies many features of the problem including the appropriate conditions on the boundary. Many interesting examples are covered by these results including: All branches of the homogeneous Monge-Ampere equation over R, C and H; equations appearing naturally in calibrated geometry, Lagrangian geometry and p-convex riemannian geometry, and all branches of the Special Lagrangian potential equation.
 B. S. Acharya Physics , 1995, Abstract: We construct the heterotic dual theory in four dimensions of eleven dimensional supergravity compactified on a particular Joyce manifold, $J$. In particular, $J$ is constructed from resolving fixed point singularities of orbifolds of the seven torus in such a way that one is forced to consider a generalised orbifold on the heterotic side. We conjecture that a heterotic dual exists for all the compact 7-manifolds of $G_{2}$ holonomy constructed by Joyce.
 Eric R. Sharpe Physics , 2000, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.126003 Abstract: In this article we explain discrete torsion. Put simply, discrete torsion is the choice of orbifold group action on the B field. We derive the classification H^2(G, U(1)), we derive the twisted sector phases appearing in string loop partition functions, we derive M. Douglas's description of discrete torsion for D-branes in terms of a projective representation of the orbifold group, and we outline how the results of Vafa-Witten fit into this framework. In addition, we observe that additional degrees of freedom (known as shift orbifolds) appear in describing orbifold group actions on B fields, in addition to those classified by H^2(G, U(1)), and explain how these new degrees of freedom appear in terms of twisted sector contributions to partition functions and in terms of orbifold group actions on D-brane worldvolumes. This paper represents a technically simplified version of prior papers by the author on discrete torsion. We repeat here technically simplified versions of results from those papers, and have included some new material.
 E. Sharpe Physics , 2003, DOI: 10.1016/S0550-3213(03)00412-7 Abstract: In this paper we make two observations related to discrete torsion. First, we observe that an old obscure degree of freedom (momentum/translation shifts) in (symmetric) string orbifolds is related to discrete torsion. We point out how our previous derivation of discrete torsion from orbifold group actions on B fields includes these momentum lattice shift phases, and discuss how they are realized in terms of orbifold group actions on D-branes. Second, we describe the M theory dual of IIA discrete torsion, a duality relation to our knowledge not previously understood. We show that IIA discrete torsion is encoded in analogues of the shift orbifolds above for the M theory C field.
 B. S. Acharya Physics , 1996, DOI: 10.1016/0550-3213(96)00326-4 Abstract: We present an ansatz which enables us to construct heterotic/M-theory dual pairs in four dimensions. It is checked that this ansatz reproduces previous results and that the massless spectra of the proposed dual pairs agree. The new dual pairs consist of M-theory compactifications on Joyce manifolds of $G_2$ holonomy and Calabi-Yau compactifications of heterotic strings. These results are further evidence that M-theory is consistent on orbifolds. Finally, we interpret these results in terms of M-theory geometries which are K3 fibrations and heterotic geometries which are conjectured to be $T^3$ fibrations. Even though the new dual pairs are constructed as non-freely acting orbifolds of existing dual pairs, the adiabatic argument is apparently not violated.
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