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 Mathematics , 2013, Abstract: It was recently proved that a compact set $X\subseteq \mathbb R^2$ has an outgoing Severi-Bouligand tangent vector $u\not=0$ at $x\in X$ iff some principal ideal of the Riesz space $\mathcal R(X)$ of piecewise linear functions on $X$ is not an intersection of maximal ideals. "Outgoing" means $X\cap [x,x+u]=\{x\}$. Suppose now $X\subseteq \mathbb{R}^n$ and some principal ideal of $\mathcal R(X)$ is not an intersection of maximal ideals. We prove that this is equivalent to saying that $X$ contains a sequence $\{x_i\}$ whose Frenet $k$-frame $(u_1,\ldots,u_k)$ is an outgoing Severi-Bouligand tangent of $X$. When the $\{x_i\}$ are taken as sample points of a smooth curve $\gamma,$ the Frenet $k$-frames of $\{x_i\}$ and of $\gamma$ coincide. The computation of Frenet frames via sample sequences does not require the knowledge of any higher-order derivative of $\gamma$.
 Alexander J. Silenko Physics , 2014, DOI: 10.1134/S1547477115010197 Abstract: A comparative analysis of a description of spin dynamics in the cylindrical and Frenet-Serret coordinate systems is carried out. An equivalence of these two systems is shown. A possibility of efficient use of the cylindrical coordinate system for a calculation of spin evolution of particles and nuclei in accelerators and storage rings is caused by an immobility of its coordinate axes relative to stationary detectors.
 Physics , 1996, DOI: 10.1016/S0550-3213(97)00183-1 Abstract: A detailed consideration of the maximally nonabelian Toda systems based on the classical semisimple Lie groups is given. The explicit expressions for the general solution of the corresponding equations are obtained.
 Mathematics , 2005, Abstract: In this paper, we study the solutions of Toda systems on Riemann surface in the critical case, we prove a sufficient condition for the existence of solutions of Toda systems.
 Physics , 2012, Abstract: Group based moving frames have a wide range of applications, from the classical equivalence problems in differential geometry to more modern applications such as computer vision. Here we describe what we call a discrete group based moving frame, which is essentially a sequence of moving frames with overlapping domains. We demonstrate a small set of generators of the algebra of invariants, which we call the discrete Maurer--Cartan invariants, for which there are recursion formulae. We show that this offers significant computational advantages over a single moving frame for our study of discrete integrable systems. We demonstrate that the discrete analogues of some curvature flows lead naturally to Hamiltonian pairs, which generate integrable differential-difference systems. In particular, we show that in the centro-affine plane and the projective space, the Hamiltonian pairs obtained can be transformed into the known Hamiltonian pairs for the Toda and modified Volterra lattices respectively under Miura transformations. We also show that a specified invariant map of polygons in the centro-affine plane can be transformed to the integrable discretization of the Toda Lattice. Moreover, we describe in detail the case of discrete flows in the homogeneous 2-sphere and we obtain realizations of equations of Volterra type as evolutions of polygons on the sphere.
 Chen-Yu Chi Mathematics , 2013, Abstract: We consider the Toda systems of VHS type with singular sources and provide a criterion for the existence of solutions with prescribed asymptotic behaviour near singularities. We also prove the uniqueness of solution. Our approach uses Simpson's theory of constructing Higgs-Hermitian-Yang-Mills metrics from stability.
 Mathematics , 2011, Abstract: We prove that all immersions of a genus one surface into G/T possessing a Toda frame can be constructed by integrating a pair of commuting vector fields on a finite dimensional Lie algebra. Here G is any simple real Lie group (not necessarily compact), T is a Cartan subgroup and the k-symmetric space structure on G/T is induced from the Coxeter automorphism. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a Toda frame for a harmonic map into G/T and describe those G/T to which the theory applies in terms of involutions of extended Dynkin diagrams.
 Adam Doliwa Physics , 1995, DOI: 10.1007/s11005-997-1032-7 Abstract: Geometry of holomorphic curves from point of view of open Toda systems is discussed. Parametrization of curves related this way to non-exceptional simple Lie algebras is given. This gives rise to explicit formulas for minimal surfaces in real, complex and quaternionic projective spaces or complex quadrics. The paper generalizes the well known connection between minimal surfaces in $\EE^{3}$, their Weierstrass representation in terms of holomorphic functions and the general solution to the Liouville equation.
 Physics , 1993, Abstract: In the present paper we give a differential geometry formulation of the basic dynamical principle of the group--algebraic approach \cite{LeS92} --- the grading condition --- in terms of some holomorphic distributions on flag manifolds associated with the parabolic subgroups of a complex Lie group; and a derivation of the corresponding nonlinear integrable systems, and their general solutions. Moreover, the reality condition for these solutions is introduced. For the case of the simple Lie groups endowed with the canonical gradation, when the systems in question are reduced to the abelian Toda equations, we obtain the generalised Pl\"ucker representation for the pseudo--metrics specified by the K\"ahler metrics on the flag manifolds related to the maximal nonsemisimple parabolic subgroups; and the generalised infinitesimal Pl\"ucker formulas for the Ricci curvature tensors of these pseudo--metrics. In accordance with these formulas, the fundamental forms of the pseudo--metrics and the Ricci curvature tensors are expressed directly in terms of the abelian Toda fields, which have here the sense of K\"ahler potentials.
 Physics , 1995, DOI: 10.1016/0550-3213(95)00444-W Abstract: In the present paper we obtain some integrable generalisations of the Toda system generated by flat connection forms taking values in higher ${\bf Z}$--grading subspaces of a simple Lie algebra, and construct their general solutions. One may think of our systems as describing some new fields of the matter type coupled to the standard Toda systems. This is of special interest in nonabelian Toda theories where the latter involve black hole target space metrics. We also give a derivation of our conformal system on the base of the Hamiltonian reduction of the WZNW model; and discuss a relation between abelian and nonabelian systems generated by a gauge transformation that maps the first grading description to the second. The latter involves grades larger than one.
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