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 Eric Smith Physics , 1992, DOI: 10.1016/0550-3213(92)90185-E Abstract: Explicit construction of the light-cone gauge quantum theory of bosonic strings in 1+1 spacetime dimensions reveals unexpected structures. One is the existence of a gauge choice that gives a free action at the price of propagating ghosts and a nontrivial BRST charge. Fixing this gauge leaves a U(1) Kac-Moody algebra of residual symmetry, generated by a conformal tensor of rank two and a conformal scalar. Another is that the BRST charge made from these currents is nilpotent when the action includes a linear dilaton background, independent of the particular value of the dilaton gradient. Spacetime Lorentz invariance in this theory is still elusive, however, because of the linear dilaton background and the nature of the gauge symmetries.
 Physics , 2015, Abstract: In this paper, we show the compatibility of the so-called "dressing field method", which allows a systematic reduction of gauge symmetries, with the inclusion of diffeomorphisms in the BRST algebra of a gauge theory. The robustness of the scheme is illustrated on two examples where Cartan connections play a significant role. The former is General Relativity, while the latter concerns the second-order conformal structure where one ends up with a BRST algebra handling both the Weyl residual symmetry and diffeomorphisms of spacetime. We thereby provide a geometric counterpart to the BRST cohomological treatment used in~\cite{Boulanger1} in the construction of a Weyl covariant tensor calculus.
 Eric Smith Physics , 1992, DOI: 10.1016/0370-2693(93)91065-U Abstract: The BRST cohomology of 1+1 strings in a free light-cone gauge contains only the two-dimensional tachyon, and excludes all excited states of both matter and ghosts, including the special states that arise in the continuum conformal gauge quantization and in the $c = 1$ matrix models. This exclusion takes place at a very basic level, and therefore may signal some serious problems or at least unresolved issues involved in this gauge choice.
 B. M. Gripaios Physics , 2003, DOI: 10.1016/S0370-2693(03)00280-6 Abstract: The status of the BRST-invariant' condensate of mass dimension two in QCD is explained. The condensate is only invariant under an on-shell' BRST symmetry which includes a partial gauge-fixing. The on-shell BRST symmetry represents the residual gauge symmetry under gauge transformations which preserve the partial gauge fixing. The gauge-invariant operators which correspond to the BRST-invariant condensate are identified in the Lorentz and maximal Abelian gauges and are shown to be invariant under the residual gauge transformations.
 Physics , 1994, DOI: 10.1016/0550-3213(95)00051-S Abstract: We present a new formulation of the tensionless string ($T= 0$) where the space-time conformal symmetry is manifest. Using a Hamiltonian BRST scheme we quantize this {\em Conformal String} and find that it has critical dimension $D=2$. This is in keeping with our classical result that the model describes massless particles in this dimension. It is also consistent with our previous results which indicate that quantized conformally symmetric tensionless strings describe a topological phase away {}from $D=2$. We reach our result by demanding nilpotency of the BRST charge and consistency with the Jacobi identities. The derivation is presented in two different ways: in operator language and using mode expansions. Careful attention is payed to regularization, a crucial ingredient in our calculations.
 P. Saltsidis Physics , 1995, DOI: 10.1016/0550-3213(95)00243-L Abstract: The Hamiltonian BRST quantization of the null spinning string for different number of supersymmetries is given. A null spinning string with manifest space-time conformal invariance is constructed. Its Brst quantization gives negative critical dimension for $N\neq 0$ and reproduces previous results for $N=0$.
 Physics , 2015, DOI: 10.1007/JHEP09(2015)195 Abstract: The conformal structure of second order in $m$-dimensions together with the so-called (normal) conformal Cartan connection, is considered as a framework for gauge theories. The dressing field scheme presented in a previous work amounts to a decoupling of both the inversion and the Lorentz symmetries such that the residual gauge symmetry is the Weyl symmetry. On the one hand, it provides straightforwardly the Riemannian parametrization of the normal conformal Cartan connection and its curvature. On the other hand, it also provides the finite transformation laws under the Weyl rescaling of the various geometric objects involved. Subsequently, the dressing field method is shown to fit the BRS differential algebra treatment of infinitesimal gauge symmetry. The dressed ghost field encoding the residual Weyl symmetry is presented. The related so-called algebraic connection supplies relevant combinations found in the literature in the algebraic study of the Weyl anomaly.
 Physics , 1996, Abstract: Aiming towards understanding the question of the discrete states in the light-cone gauge in the theory of two-dimensional strings with a linear background charge term, we study the path-integral formulation of the theory. In particular, by gauge fixing Polyakov's path-integral expression for the 2-d strings, we show that the light-cone gauge-fixed generating functional is the same as the conformal gauge-fixed one and is critical for the same value of the background charge (Q=2 $\sqrt 2$). Since the equivalence is shown at the generating functional level, one expects that the spectra of the two theories are the same. The zero modes of the ratio of the determinants are briefly analyzed and it is shown that only the constant mode survives in this formulation. This is an indication that the discrete states may lie in these zero modes. This result is not particular to the light-cone gauge, but it holds for the conformal gauge as well.
 Physics , 1994, DOI: 10.1016/0550-3213(94)00404-3 Abstract: We reformulate the BRST quantisation of chiral Virasoro and $W_3$ worldsheet gravities. Our approach follows directly the classic BRST formulation of Yang-Mills theory in employing a derivative gauge condition instead of the conventional conformal gauge condition, supplemented by an introduction of momenta in order to put the ghost action back into first-order form. The consequence of these simple changes is a considerable simplification of the BRST formulation, the evaluation of anomalies and the expression of Wess-Zumino consistency conditions. In particular, the transformation rules of all fields now constitute a canonical transformation generated by the BRST operator $Q$, and we obtain in this reformulation a new result that the anomaly in the BRST Ward identity is obtained by application of the anomalous operator $Q^2$, calculated using operator products, to the gauge fermion.