In sub-Saharan Africa, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and transfusiontransmissible infections (TTIs) are a public health problem. Among them, we find the syphilis that the recipient of blood might contract in the absence of serological tests in the donor. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and profile of the individual at risk for transmission of Treponema pallidum among blood donation candidates. This is a single-center, retrospective and descriptive cross-sectional study over a period from 2015 to 2016 at the Katele Health Reference Center of Moba-Port in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The use of Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) was required for the detection of anti-treponematosis antibodies. The Epi Info 7.1 software was used to analyze the data at the significant threshold of p 0.05. Of 752 blood donors tested, 62.8% were male and the mean age was 30.3 ± 6.9 years with extremes ranging from 18 to 43 years. Family, replacement donors were the most encountered (93.7%). The seroprevalence of the Treponema pallidum infection in blood donation candidates was 5.2%. Age (18 to 30 years) was significantly associated with the risk of transmission of syphilis in the recipient of the blood (OR = 4.4; 95% CI [1.86-10.24]; p-value 0.005). In 0.9% of cases, an association with HIV was encountered. The risk of contracting syphilis after transfusion remains high in our environment. It is mandatory to continue to research the Treponema pallidum in the serum of any blood donor. Education of the population on prevention of sexually transmitted infections and transfusion safety measures (especially during the donor screening phase) should be strengthened.