Vaginitis is the most common infectious disease diagnosed among women attended at gynecological outpatient clinics in the Primary Care Service. The aim of this research is to investigate the incidence of vaginitis caused by Gardnerella vaginalis and Candida spp. in women attended at the gynecological outpatient clinic of Dr. Vanderlei Pacini Gynecological Clinic in the city of Nova Iguacu, Rio de Janeiro Province. The studied population consisted of 386 women. For the sample of the vaginal secretion, we use disposable speculum and sterile swabs were used. Material was removed from lateral vaginal walls and recto-uterine pouch. Two slides were prepared and sent to clinical pathology and histocytopathology laboratories. The preparations were stained with Gram and Papanicolaou staining methods, and examined under a light microscope with a 1000¡Á magnification. Among the 386 examined women, 82 (21.24%) cases of infection by one of the investigated microorganisms were diagnosed: 60 of Gardnerela vaginalis (CP = 15.54%) and 22 of Candida spp. (CP = 5.44%). Infections and complications caused by G. vaginalis and Candida spp. constitute a serious health problem for women, which should carry out periodic examinations to safeguard gynecological health.