Guettarda
calyptrata A.
Rich., originally from Cuba and known as “Contraguao”, has traditionally been
used to counteract quickly and effectively burns produced by Comocladia dentate Jacq (Guao), vegetable
species that secretes a highly caustic latex for skin and mucous membranes. A
burn is a traumatic injury resulting in local and systemic injury with
oxidative changes; in this sense the antioxidants play an important role. In order to offer
aspects related to the quality and effectiveness of the plant, its pharmacognostic,
phytochemical and antioxidant activity is presented. The morphoanatomical
evaluation was carried out, physical-chemical parameters were determined for
the crude drug and for the aqueous extract. The chemical profile of the extract was estimated by thin layer chromatography,
ultraviolet-visible and quantification of total phenols by Folin-Ciocalteu and
total flavonoids by the colorimetric method of aluminum trichloride (AlCl3).
Finally, the antioxidant activity was tested by the FRAP and DPPH techniques.
Through the pharmacognostic study, the quality specifications of the drug and
the extract were established. The methods of analysis used for the chemical
profile suggested the presence of flavonoids and phenols in general. The
aqueous extract showed antioxidant properties by the two methods evaluated. The
study of G. calyptrata provided
pharmacognostic, phytochemical and effectiveness as an antioxidant evidence,
aspects to consider in the possible use of the plant by our Natural and
Traditional Medicine.
Cite this paper
Gaitén, Y. I. G. , Yaque, J. G. , Lizama, R. S. , Torres, Z. O. , González, A. F. , Jiménez, J. L. M. and Monan, M. (2018). Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical and Antioxidant Evaluations of Guettarda calyptrata A. Rich.. Open Access Library Journal, 5, e4921. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1104921.
Martins, D. and Nunez, C.V. (2015) Secondary Metabolites from Rubiaceae Species. Molecules, 20, 13422-13495. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules200713422
Revathi, D. and Rajeswari, M. (2015) Chemical Profiling of Guettarda speciosa Linn. by GC-MS. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 5, 114-118.
Schencke, C., Salvo, J., Vasconcellos, A. and del Sol, M. (2013) Estudio Comparativo de la Cicatrización en Quemaduras con Tratamiento en Base a Miel de Ulmo (Eucryphia cordifolia) y Vitamina C oral versus Hidrogel en Cobayos (Cavia porcellus). International Journal of Morphology, 31, 839-844. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022013000300010
Gattuso, M.A. and Gattuso, S.J. (1999) Manual de procedimientos para el análisis de drogas en polvo. Editorial de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario Urquiza, Argentina.
Lou, Z.-C. (1980) General Control Methods for Vegetable Drugs. Comparative Study of Methods Included in Thirteen Pharmacopoeias: An Proposals on Their Internacional Unification. WHO/PHARM/80.502, 8-39.
Chlopicka, J., Pasko, P., Gorinstein, S., Jedryas, A. and Zagrodzki, P. (2012) Total Phenolic and Total Flavonoid Content, Antioxidant Activity and Sensory Evaluation of Pseudocereal Breads. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 46, 548-555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2011.11.009
Pourmorad, F., Hosseinimerhr, S.J. and Shahabimajd, N. (2006) Antioxidant Activity, Phenol and Flavonoid Contents of Some Selected Iranian Medicinal Plants. African Journal of Biotechnology, 5, 1142-1145.
Benzie, I.F. and Strain, J.J. (1996) The Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) as a Measure of “Antioxidant Power”. The FRAP Assay. Analytical Bio-chemistry, 239, 70-76. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1996.0292
Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M.E. and Berset, C. (1995) Use of Free Radical Method to Evaluate Antioxidant Activity. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 28, 25-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0023-6438(95)80008-5
Abad-Garcia, B., Berrueta, L.A., Garmon-Lobato, S., Gallo, B. and Vicente, F. (2009) A General Analytical Strategy for the Characterization of Phenolic Compounds in Fruit Juices by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection Coupled to Electrospray Ionization and Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. Journal of Chro-matography A, 1216, 5398-5415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2009.05.039
Martínez, J., García, C., Durango, D. and Gil, J. (2012) Caracterización de propóleos provenientes del municipio de Caldas obtenido por dos métodos de recolección. Revista MVZ Córdoba, 17, 2861-2869. https://doi.org/10.21897/rmvz.254
Afsar, T., Razak, S., Shabbir, M. and Rashid, K.M. (2018) Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenolic Compounds Isolated from Ethyl-Acetate Fraction of Acacia hydaspicaR. Parker. Chemistry Central Journal, 12, 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-018-0373-x
Bokhari, J., Khan, M.R., Shabbir, M., Rashid, U., Jan, S. and Zai, J.A. (2013) Evaluation of Diverse Antioxidant Activities of Galium aparine. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 102, 24-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2012.09.056
Csepregi, K., Neugart, S., Schreiner, M. and Hideg, E. (2016) Comparative Evaluation of Total Antioxidant Capacities of Plant Polyphenols. Molecules, 21, 208. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21020208
Sepahpour, S., Selamat, J., Abd Manap, Y.M., Khatib A and Abdull Razis, A.F. (2018) Comparative Analysis of Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Quantitative Characterization of Some Phenolic Compounds in Selected Herbs and Spices in Different Solvent Extraction Systems. Molecules, 23, 402.